Pinwormis a frequent guest in children's groups. It is a medium-sized (up to 1 cm long) inhabitant of the small and large intestines, lays eggs, leaving the rectum, on skin folds, linen and bed linen. This happens more often at night, accompanied by severe itching in the anus. Pinworm eggs mature after 4-6 hours and are ready to cause disease, they are perfectly preserved in the environment. They enter the human body with dust, with dirty hands, through soft toys, underwear, dishes.
Diagnosis - scraping of the skin around the anus and examination under a microscope, at least 3 times at intervals of 3 days.
When pinworm eggs are found, the whole family of the infected should be examined.
Around 350 million people in the world are infected with enterobiosis, when one family member is infected, the risk of the disease for all households is very high.
Toxocara is a parasite
Toxocarais a parasite in the digestive system of dogs. In the United States and Europe, 80% of puppies and over 50% of adult dogs have toxocariasis. Human studies show that up to 37% of the population is sensitive to the Toxocara antigen. This means that these people were or are carriers of toxocara.
Toxocara is up to 30 cm long, in this form it lives in the body of its permanent owner - a dog. The dog lays toxocara eggs in the sand, soil, where they can last for several years. With the sand, they fall into the hands of children who play in the sandboxes, and also stick to shoes and clothes. Getting into a human is a dead end for the parasite, as the larvae mature, spread through vessels and internal organs, but do not stand out.
To make a diagnosis, stool analysis is not informative at all, a biopsy of the affected organs (usually the liver) and immunological tests are needed.
The most tragic is the contact of toxocara in the eyes (15% of cases of eye removal in the world are due to toxocara), damage to the lungs, heart, brain, muscles are also unpleasant - fever, cough, enlargedliver, inflammation of the lymph nodes, skin rashes, nervous and mental disorders, convulsions.
Ascaris is a parasite
Ascaris- affects up to 100 million people a year. It gets into a person with food (usually uncooked herbs, vegetables and fruits), raw water, dirty hands, dust and is actively transmitted by flies. The length of the roundworm is up to 40 cm, a female roundworm lays up to 200, 000 eggs daily, which enter the soil and are well preserved in it for years. The swallowed egg of roundworms turns into a larva in the small intestine, then penetrates the intestinal wall, enters the blood capillaries, is transmitted to the liver, brain, eyes, heart and lungs. In the process of movement, roundworms feed on blood - erythrocytes and nutrients. Anemia (anemia) is a common companion of ascariasis.
Migration of larvae causes allergies in humans, pain throughout the body, fever, increased risk of asthma, arthritis, neurodermatitis, eczema, seizures. If it gets into the lungs due to rupture of blood vessels, hemorrhage and hemoptysis are possible, in X-rays - infiltrates, as in the tuberculosis process.
Moving along the bronchi to the pharynx, roundworms with sputum enter the mouth, and from there - in the esophagus, stomach and intestines. Roundworms are trapped in the intestines, resting on the walls of the intestines, causing inflammation, infiltration and bleeding. Complications are possible when the roundworm enters the nasal sinuses, liver, bile ducts, pancreas and kidneys. There is intestinal obstruction, suppurative processes in the abdominal cavity. The diagnosis is based on stool tests (at least 3 times), immunological tests - in the larval period.
Hookworm is a parasite
Hookworm- can penetrate a person through the skin when walking barefoot (leaves no traces), as well as roundworm through the mouth. Sizes of hookworms - up to 1, 5 cm, migrates and damages in the same way as roundworms. Characteristic is such a symptom as an itchy rash on the limbs and more pronounced anemia.
Stool analyzes, as with most invasions, should be performed at least 3 times.
Wide ribbon - parasite
Broad tapewormis a large long liver,the length of an individual is up to 10 meters, life expectancy in the human body is up to 25 years.Can you imagine what happens to a person if there are several such centenarians inside?
Imagine how the worm twists in the intestines, how little space is left in the lumen of the human intestine! If the worm "stands up", then half of its length will hang! By the way, the worm absorbs all the necessary and useful substances for itself from the entire surface of the body.
You can get infected by eating raw, under-salted fish, crabs and caviar. Symptoms of tapeworm may include anemia, exhaustion, abdominal pain, especially signs such as increased salivation in the morning, vomiting, nausea, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness should be warned. Intestinal obstruction is possible.
A completely stunning effect on the unprepared person produces the release of the cut off "tail" of the parasite from the intestine - this is a characteristic of tapeworms that helps in diagnosis.
Beef and swine tapeworms are parasites
Tapeworms from cattle and pigs are parasites that enter the human body with raw meat, meat products, lard.
The length of an adult bovine tapeworm is up to 7 meters, that of porcine tapeworm is up to 2 meters, the lifespan is up to 20 years, and the main danger is in the migration of larvae that are able to penetrate even intoeyes and brain.
Echinococci and alveococci - parasites
Echinococci and alveococci are parasites that people become infected through contact with animal carriers, drinking contaminated water, and ingesting soil with fruits and vegetables.
Intestinal larvae are carried by the bloodstream through the body, entering the liver, lungs, kidneys, bones and brain. The larva transforms into a cyst, which grows by pushing and squeezing the surrounding tissues. Symptoms depend on the location of the cyst and the degree of compression of the organs.
Rupture of the cyst is a very serious complication.
Giardia is a parasite
Giardiais the simplest parasitic animal in the class of marsupials. It is pear-shaped, 10–20 µm long; the dorsal side is convex, the ventral side is concave and forms a suction cup for temporary attachment to the epithelial cells of the host intestine. 2 oval cores, 4 pairs of whips. It lives in the human intestine (mainly in children), mainly in the duodenum, less often in the bile duct and gallbladder, causing giardiasis. Asymptomatic parasitic carriers are common. Infection with cysts occurs when prostheses penetrate the lower intestine through the mouth, when contaminated food or water enters the body, as well as through dirty hands, etc. The frequency is sporadic. Giardiasis is common in all parts of the world.